What Happens to Your Heart When You Breathe PM2.5?
Photo source: openverse, William Keckler
Most of us think of air pollution as a lung problem, but research shows it can affect the heart as well. If you are over 65, learning about particulate matter is a simple way to protect your long-term health. Here is what every New Zealand senior should know.
What Is Particulate Matter?
Particulate matter is a mix of tiny solid and liquid particles floating in the air. PM2.5 refers to particles smaller than 2.5 micrometres, which is roughly thirty times thinner than a human hair. Because they are so small, these particles can travel deep into the lungs and may even enter the bloodstream.
How PM2.5 Affects the Heart
Studies link exposure to fine particulate matter with a higher risk of heart attack, stroke, irregular heartbeat and high blood pressure. The particles can trigger inflammation and may stiffen blood vessels. Older adults are more sensitive, especially those living with heart disease, diabetes or lung conditions.
Where Does It Come From in New Zealand?
New Zealand enjoys generally good air quality, but particulate matter can still rise in some areas. Wood burners and open fires are a common winter source, particularly in cooler towns and cities such as Christchurch and Invercargill. Vehicle exhaust, industry, dust and drifting smoke from bushfires overseas can also contribute.
Simple Ways to Protect Yourself
Check local air quality updates through your regional council or the LAWA website before heading out. On days when levels are high, stay indoors, keep windows closed and avoid strenuous outdoor activity. Choose clean, efficient heating, and burn only dry wood if you use a wood burner. A portable air cleaner with a HEPA filter may help lower indoor particulate matter. Keep taking your medications as prescribed and attend regular check-ups with your GP.
Everyday habits matter too. Gentle exercise such as walking is good for your heart, so try to plan outings away from the evening and early morning hours when home fires are most active. Wearing a well-fitted P2 or N95 mask during smoke events can reduce how much fine particulate matter you breathe in. Staying hydrated and keeping a good routine for sleep and nutrition also support your overall cardiovascular health.
