Preventing Dry Skin in the Elderly

Photo source: Alex Tihonov, Getty Images

Dry skin in the elderly, medically known as xerosis or senile xerosis, is a common but not inevitable condition characterised by dry, rough, scaly, and sometimes itchy skin. This condition arises mainly due to decreased oil production from the sebaceous glands and reduced moisture retention in the skin as people age.

Xerosis can develop on different parts of the body but is especially common in areas that are exposed and more prone to losing moisture, such as the hands and legs. It may also appear on the face, where it can cause the skin to look dull and lifeless, or on the feet, where the skin often becomes rough and more likely to crack.

Ways to Treat Dry Skin in the Elderly

Gentle Cleansing

Using mild, skin-friendly cleansers is essential to avoid stripping natural oils. Elderly skin is delicate, so baths or showers should be short (under 10 minutes) and with lukewarm water to reduce moisture loss. Avoid harsh soaps and excessive washing, as they can worsen dryness.

Regular Moisturising

Applying moisturiser immediately after bathing while skin is still damp helps lock in hydration. Use thick, fragrance-free emollients containing ingredients such as ceramides, glycerin, urea, or hyaluronic acid, which restore and retain skin moisture. Reapply moisturisers multiple times daily, especially in dry or cold environments, to maintain the skin barrier.

Environmental Adjustments

Increasing ambient humidity with humidifiers combats dry indoor air that contributes to skin dryness. Avoid the overuse of indoor heating or air conditioning, which can exacerbate moisture loss from the skin.

Medical Interventions

For moderate to severe cases, topical steroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation. Antipruritic medications can help relieve severe itching. In stubborn cases, dermatologists may recommend specialised therapies tailored to the individual’s skin condition.

Aside from the strategies mentioned above, lifestyle and dietary adjustments are also essential in treating or preventing dry skin in the elderly. Encourage good hydration by drinking plenty of water daily. Including omega-3 fatty acids in the diet from sources like fish, walnuts, or flaxseed supports skin health.