How Seniors Can Improve Indoor Air Quality at Home
In addition to maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular exercise, and getting sufficient sleep, an important factor in enhancing senior health and wellbeing is ensuring better indoor air quality.
But what is indoor air quality?
Indoor Air Quality and the Factors Affecting It
Indoor air quality (IAQ) refers to the condition of the air inside built environments, such as our homes, schools, office buildings, shopping centres, and grocery stores. It is influenced by various factors, including humidity levels, temperature, and the presence of air pollutants, including particulate matter, tobacco smoke, combustion byproducts from stoves and heaters, cleaning products, and building materials that may emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Effects of Poor IAQ on Senior Health
Many of us spend 90% of our time at home, where the air, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), can be 2 to 5 times or even a hundred times more polluted than the air we breathe outdoors.
Poor IAQ, when not managed, can lead to a range of health issues. These health problems can include:
Respiratory Issues
Common pollutants like mould and volatile organic compounds can lead to conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory infections in older adults. A report has also shown the link between the exposure to fine particulate matter and the frequent use of an asthma inhaler. Particulate matter is also accountable for increased emergency room and hospital visits.
Cardiovascular Problems
Pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and ozone (O₃) have been associated with increased risks of heart attacks and strokes among seniors. Research indicates that exposure to air pollution during physical activities can heighten these risks, especially in older adults with pre-existing conditions.
Cognitive Decline
There is growing evidence that poor air quality can affect cognitive functions in seniors, leading to issues such as memory loss and increased risks of dementia. The presence of certain pollutants may also exacerbate mental health disorders, including depression and anxiety.
Key Strategies to Improve Indoor Air Quality at Home
Enhance Ventilation
One crucial measure to improve indoor air quality is to enhance ventilation. Ventilation involves the deliberate introduction of outdoor air into a space while expelling stale indoor air. This exchange helps maintain fresh and circulating air. Additionally, increased ventilation can contribute to the reduction of indoor pollutants.
Proper ventilation can be in the form of opening windows and doors for at least 10 minutes daily or using air purifiers, exhaust fans, or air conditioning systems equipped with air-purifying technology if outdoor air is poor.
Eliminate Sources of Poor IAQ
Identify and eliminate sources of pollution, such as tobacco smoke, mould, and pet dander. Regularly clean areas that may harbour pollutants, such as carpets and upholstery. Use a vacuum with a HEPA filter and wash bedding in hot water (at least 130°F) to reduce allergens.
Control Humidity
Unbalanced humidity at home can lead to the development of moulds, which may be responsible for allergic reactions, sneezing, and intense asthma attacks. The safe indoor humidity levels for maintaining comfort and health are generally recommended to be between 40% and 60%.
Choose products wisely
Some products we use at home, such as cleaning agents, air fresheners, wall paints, and even new furniture, release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can pose health risks when they mix with indoor air.
If possible, opt for paints labelled as low-VOC or no-VOC to minimise harmful emissions. You can also choose eco-friendly cleaning products or use natural cleaning solutions like vinegar, baking soda, and lemon juice, which can effectively clean without releasing harmful chemicals.
Make Your Home’s Indoor Air Safer to Breathe
IAQ is crucial for everyone, but it is especially significant for seniors. As we age, we often face increased susceptibility to respiratory issues and other health problems worsened by poor indoor air quality. By taking the actionable steps above, we can enjoy a safer, more pleasant home where we can thrive.
