Why is Glaucoma More Prevalent in Seniors?
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The New Zealand Association of Optometrists defines glaucoma as an eye condition that can come from too much pressure in the eye. Elevated pressure can harm the optic nerve, and if it continues, glaucoma will progressively impair your vision. Without treatment, glaucoma may lead to vision loss within a few years.
Why is glaucoma more common in seniors?
Glaucoma in seniors becomes more common mainly because of age-related changes in the eye’s structure and function. With ageing, the eye’s drainage system gradually deteriorates, reducing its ability to efficiently drain aqueous fluid. This results in increased intraocular pressure, which can damage the optic nerve. Additionally, the lens thickens over time, narrowing the angle between the iris and cornea, which can further impair fluid drainage and increase glaucoma risk.
Risk factors for glaucoma
Age – The risk increases significantly after age 40 and continues to rise with advancing age due to the eye’s drainage system deteriorating and optic nerve vulnerability increasing.
Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) – High eye pressure is the strongest modifiable risk factor and drives optic nerve damage.
Family history – Having a first-degree relative with glaucoma raises your risk by 2 to 4 times.
Refractive errors – Nearsightedness (myopia) and farsightedness (hyperopia) are linked with increased risk, especially for certain glaucoma types.
Medical conditions – Diabetes and high blood pressure can increase risk, though the relationship isn’t fully clear; low blood pressure may also contribute by reducing optic nerve blood flow.
Symptoms of glaucoma
Early on, most people with glaucoma experience no symptoms. As the condition progresses, gradual loss of peripheral or side vision occurs, sometimes described as patchy blind spots, which can advance to tunnel vision. Some may notice blurred or hazy vision, difficulty adjusting to changes in light, or seeing halos or coloured rings around lights.
Glaucoma in seniors cannot be prevented, but it can be detected early and treated to prevent vision loss. When caught in its initial stages, the disease can be effectively managed to control its progression and protect vision.
